MercoPress. South Atlantic News Agency

OIE declares the world free of rinderpest, one of the deadliest cattle diseases

Dr Bernard Vallat, Director General of the OIE made the official announcement

The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) declared rinderpest, one of the deadliest diseases of cattle and of several other animal species, eradicated from the surface of the earth.

At the OIE 79th annual General Session in Paris the national delegates unanimously adopted Resolution 18/2011 which officially recognized, following thorough control by the OIE with the support of FAO, that all 198 countries and territories with rinderpest-susceptible animals in the world are free of the disease.

A three-stage “OIE Rinderpest Pathway” for countries to be officially recognized as free from the disease by the OIE was initially launched in 1989 and in 1994, implemented in parallel with the Global Rinderpest Eradication Program (GREP) managed by the FAO in collaboration with the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

In February 2011, OIE experts in charge of recommending free status recognition in the framework of the OIE Pathway gave the green light for recognizing the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized.

Using considerable support to eligible countries from donors such as the European Union, these international cooperation and coordination mechanisms have been a key to move towards global eradication particularly in poorest countries.

“Today we witness a historical event as rinderpest is the first animal disease ever to be eradicated by humankind” declared Dr Bernard Vallat, Director General of the OIE. “It’s a major breakthrough, not only for science, but also for the cooperation policies amongst international organizations and with the international community as a whole. Above all, it is a success for veterinary services and the entire veterinary profession, since the scarcity of resources available to veterinary services in many countries that were previously infected constituted a major obstacle to the progressive control of rinderpest” he added.

“Rinderpest has been one of the top priorities of FAO in its quest to defeat hunger and improve lives through agriculture” said Ann Tutwiler, FAO Deputy Director-General (Knowledge). “With the eradication of the disease in live animals livestock production around the globe has become safer and the livelihoods of millions of livestock farmers are less at risk. There are important lessons to be learnt when it comes to defeating other animal diseases.”

However post-eradication phase constitutes a great challenge too. Although the rinderpest virus no longer circulates amongst live animals it is still present in a number of laboratories, e.g. for the production of vaccines, should the disease reappear as a result of an accidental release or deliberate act.

FAO and OIE are working on the preparation and implementation of recommendations on confining the virus for research or vaccine production purposes, in full compliance with international biosecurity measures.

The term Rinderpest means bovine plague and rightly reflects the devastation the disease brings to hit domestic and wild animal populations, people’s livelihoods and consequently, on entire local or national economies.

Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a contagious viral disease affecting several species of wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals (animals with a hoof split into two toes) notably cattle and buffalo. Rinderpest is caused by a virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus. Many species of wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals including sheep and goats can show milder clinical signs of the disease when infected, but the mortality rate can reach up to 100% in highly susceptible cattle or buffalo herds.

Rinderpest was known before the Roman era. Plagues of rinderpest killed hundreds of millions of cattle in Europe, Asia and Africa.

An outbreak of rinderpest in imported animals in Belgium in 1920 was the impetus for international cooperation in controlling animal diseases, and was one of the key factors leading to the establishment of the OIE in 1924.

The announcement of the eradication of rinderpest coincides with the 250th anniversary of the creation of the veterinary profession in Lyon, France, and this victory marks a historical day for the profession.