MercoPress. South Atlantic News Agency

US scientists successfully transfer memory among marine snails

Professor Glanzman thinks memories are stored in the neurons, thousands of which make up each synapse.

Scientists from the University of California have successfully transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, but there's still a long way to go until you can pay someone to wipe unpleasant memories or implant new ones.

 Researchers in the US achieved the feat by first teaching a group of Aplysia snails — using a series of mild electric shocks — to associate potential danger with a harmless tap on the outside of their shells.

Then, when scientists gave those marine mollusks a light knock, they withdrew into their shells in defense for 50 seconds.

A second, untrained, group of snails only retreated for 1 second upon receiving a tap.

That is, until researchers injected ribonucleic acid (RNA) from the trained snails into the second group.

All seven of the snails that received the new RNA then went on to hide in their shells for an average of 40 seconds when the scientists came knocking.

“It's as though we transferred the memory,” the study's senior author, David Glanzman, said.

The scientists also injected RNA from one group of untrained snails into another to make sure it wasn't just the injection process that caused the snails to change their behavior.

An even closer look showed the new RNA even changed the way the snails' sensory (but not motor) neurons behaved in a petri dish.

The findings of the study could affect our understanding of memory. Scientists have long believed memories were stored in synapses.

But Professor Glanzman thinks memories are stored in the neurons, thousands of which make up each synapse. “If memories were stored at synapses, there is no way our experiment would have worked,” he said.

He said cellular and molecular processes of humans and snails were very similar.

Professor Glanzman said in future it might be possible to awaken and restore memories that have gone dormant in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, or ameliorate the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder.