MercoPress. South Atlantic News Agency

Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to a woman: first time in 55 years

Canada’s Donna Strickland, of University of Waterloo, is only the third woman to win a Nobel for physics: Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert-Mayer in 1963

A trio of United States, French and Canadian scientists won the 2018 Nobel Prize for Physics on Tuesday for breakthroughs in laser technology that have turned light beams into precision tools for everything from eye surgery to micro-machining.

They include the first female physics prize winner in 55 years. Canada’s Donna Strickland, of the University of Waterloo, becomes only the third woman to win a Nobel for physics, after Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert-Mayer in 1963.

Arthur Ashkin of Bell Laboratories in the US won half of the 2018 prize for inventing “optical tweezers”, while Ms Strickland shares the remainder with French man Gerard Mourou, who also has US citizenship, for work on high-intensity lasers.

“Obviously we need to celebrate women physicists because we are out there and hopefully in time it will start to move forward at a faster rate,” Ms Strickland told a news conference by telephone, shortly after learning of the prize.

The Nobel prizes have long been dominated by male scientists, and none more so than physics.

Ms Strickland is the first female Nobel laureate in any field in three years. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards the physics prize, said last year it would seek to encourage nominations of women researchers more actively to begin addressing the imbalance.

The inventions by the three scientists date back to the mid-1980s and over the years they have revolutionized laser physics.

“Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications,” the academy said on awarding the 9 million Swedish crown (€867,000) prize.

Ashkin’s work was based on the realization that the pressure of a beam of light could push microscopic objects and trap them in position. A breakthrough came in 1987 when he used the new optical tweezers to grab living bacteria without harming them.

Ashkin is the oldest ever Nobel prize winner – but the 96-year-old is still busy with fresh research.

“I’m surprised,” Mr Ashkin said about winning the prize. “A guy called me up on the phone and woke me up.”

Mr Mourou and Ms Strickland’s research centered on developing the most intense laser pulses ever created by humans, paving the way for the precision instruments used today in corrective eye surgery and industrial applications.

The prizes for achievements in science, literature and peace have been awarded since 1901 in accordance with the will of Swedish business tycoon Alfred Nobel, whose discovery of dynamite generated a vast fortune used to fund the prize.