MercoPress. South Atlantic News Agency

Regular booster vaccines will be needed against Covid-19, because of mutations

The coronavirus, which has killed 2,65 million people globally since it emerged in China in late 2019, mutates around once every two weeks

Regular booster vaccines against the coronavirus will be needed because of mutations that make it more transmissible and better able to evade human immunity, the head of Britain's effort to sequence the virus' genomes said.

The coronavirus, which has killed 2,65 million people globally since it emerged in China in late 2019, mutates around once every two weeks, slower than influenza or HIV, but enough to require tweaks to vaccines.

Professor Sharon Peacock, who heads Covid-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK), which has sequenced half of all the coronavirus genomes mapped globally so far, said international cooperation was needed in the “cat and mouse” battle with the virus.

“We have to appreciate that we were always going to have to have booster doses; immunity to coronavirus doesn't last forever,” Prof Peacock said at the Wellcome Sanger Institute's campus outside Cambridge.

“We already are tweaking the vaccines to deal with what the virus is doing in terms of evolution - so there are variants arising that have a combination of increased transmissibility and an ability to partially evade our immune response,” she said.

Prof Peacock said she was confident regular booster shots - such as for influenza - would be needed to deal with future variants, but that the speed of vaccine innovation meant those shots could be developed at pace and rolled out to the population.

COG-UK was set up by Prof Peacock, a professor at Cambridge, exactly a year ago with the help of the British government's chief scientific adviser Patrick Vallance as the virus spread across the globe to Britain.

It is now the world's biggest network of knowledge about the virus' genetics: At sites across Britain, it has sequenced 346,713 genomes of the virus out of a global effort of around 709,000 genomes.

On the intellectual front line at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, hundreds of scientists work seven days a week to map and then search the virus' growing family tree for patterns of concern.

Wellcome Sanger Institute has sequenced over half of the British total sequenced genomes of the virus after processing 19 million samples from polymerase chain reaction tests in a year. COG-UK is sequencing around 30,000 genomes per week - more than Britain used to do in a year.